Essay on Unit 42

Essay on Unit 42 Essay on Unit 42 Name/Number: Michael Alan Smith/6343HNDDL Address: Sluzska 780/36 Praha 8 Czech Republic Post code / Zip: 182 00 Telephone No: 00420 608 52 11 96 Email Address: michaelalan.smith@yahoo.com Date: 09/12/2014 Course Name: HND Tutor Name: Richard Herbert Assignment Name: Project Management for Business Section 1 Introduction Section 1 of this unit will demonstrate an understanding of project management principles. It will describe the background and principles of project management and appraise the viability of projects developing success/failure criteria. It will explain the principles behind project management systems and procedures. Finally it will explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-project appraisals. Background and principles Project management in its most basic form has been with us for centuries, the ancient Egyptians building the pyramids, the Great Wall of China and so many other huge building projects from centuries ago. But it was not until 1917 when Henry Gantt developed the self-named Gantt chart that we start to see the developments of a more modern way to manage projects. The Gantt chart was basically a scheduling diagram. ganttchart.com The idea behind the Gantt chart was to list all process within the project and give a start and end date for them. This was first used on the hover dame project. However, the use of the Gantt chart didn’t take into account other aspects of project management such as budgets or the political aspects that can come with projects. It wasn’t until after the end of the Second World War that the development of more modern approaches to project management began to develop. The 1950’s marked the begging of the modern project management era. In 1956 the DuPont Corporation develop the critical path method (CPM) to predict the estimated length of a project. The idea was to analyse which sequence of activities and determine which one has the most flexibility in scheduling. The tool was developed to help with the shutdown of chemical plants for maintenance to take place. It was estimated to save to corporation $1million dollars in the first year of implementation. A simple example of critical path analysis can be seen below; this example is what is needed to make spaghetti carbonara. lindsay-sherwin.co.uk/project_framework/htm_2_planning_a_project/11_critical_path_analysis.htm The project will take 21 minutes to complete The critical path lies on the activities - "Get Ingredients - Cook Spaghetti - Drain Spaghetti - and Mix Sauce and Spaghetti and Serve". Any delay in these activities will increase the total project time (as well as spoiling the meal). Other developments in the 50’s and 60’s included: PERT programme evaluation review technique. This is used to analyse the time needed to complete each task involved in completing a project identifying the minimum time for completion. Prince in the late 1980’s was developed by the UK government, Projects in controlled environments became the UK governments standard for IT/IS projects. The method was based on the principle of â€Å"assuring progress† within a project from 3 separate but linked perspectives. A revision of the methodology in the late 1990’s after it was said to be too rigid and only usable on larger projects gave us Prince2; a more generic tool that can be used on projects other than just IT/IS. http://zenexmachina.wordpress.com/2013/04/03/prince2-processes-vs-agile-development-methodologies Despite the continued use of these and many other project tolls that have been developed, the princible of modern project management have changed over the years. Project managers are now concerned with aspects of a project such as defining objectives, the bases of most projects is to achieve a set objective and this should be defined at the initial stage or formability stage of a project. The project

Forbes Editorial Calendar 5 Lessons For Yearly Blog Planning

Forbes Editorial Calendar 5 Lessons For Yearly Blog Planning While doing some keyword research one day for the blog, I noticed that the term Forbes editorial calendar’ was holding an unusually high ranking. What gives? Were there really that many people looking for the Forbes editorial calendar? The Forbes #EditorialCalendar: 5 Lessons That Will Make You Better At Blog Planning Curious, I did a search on my own. This is what I found: What’s so great about that, I thought? At face value, it doesn’t look like much. With a publication the size of Forbes, it isn’t much of a surprise that they plan so far in advance. But maybe there is more to it than that. What can we learn from the giants at Forbes about yearly content marketing and blog planning? Should we be doing yearly planning for our own blogs?  Here are five lessons that I learned: Lesson #1: Forbes Isn’t The Only One Who Is Pre-Planning The pre-planning and pre-publishing of the yearly editorial calendar  isn’t a new, or unique, practice. Time, Inc,  and Vogue  all have publicly available editorial calendars right on their website. Why? For most publications, the reasons are actually very business focused, rather than content focused. Most editorial calendars are found within the â€Å"media kit† section of the website, meaning that most publications see them as tools for selling magazine advertising. Simple enough, but what about the content planning implications? Recommended Reading: How Planning Your Blog Content Can Help You Get More Done 15 Tips For Planning Successful Social Media Events How To Run The Perfect Content Planning Meeting Lesson #2:  A Yearly Editorial Calendar Makes Sense There is value in taking a look at your content planning from a yearly perspective. In our own editorial calendar training, we advocate both yearly and monthly planning for most bloggers using an editorial calendar process. The idea is simple:  When you force yourself to start at the highest level and work your way down through the food chain (yearly to monthly planning), you see everything from a grand perspective and consider each detail along the way. Ask any painter–there is big value in starting with a broad brush before honing in on the details. When you see a year’s worth of content all at once, you are free to think about the big picture, without getting too focused on the individual details. This lets you create the overarching themes that your smaller (or monthly) blog posts will fit into the whole plan. Some common topics you might place on a yearly editorial calendar are: Advertising Campaigns Key Industry Events Global/National Holidays Product Launches Commemorative Months The goal shouldn’t be to load the calendar up with things to cover, or individual posts. Rather, you should be looking to find overarching content themes that will fit your content for a certain period of time. Like Forbes, it might be advisable to only select one topic/theme per month. Tip: When using a yearly planning calendar, there can be a temptation to get â€Å"locked-in† on a certain topic/theme. Resist the urge. Just because you have a selected a theme, it doesn’t mean every post has to fit. Like a traditional magazine, perhaps only 30-40% of the articles will follow the theme directly. For you, this could be equivalent to a single post each week. In a magazine, only 30-40% of the articles follow the theme directly.Lesson #3: Even Small Teams Can Benefit From A Yearly Content Plan There’s an old story about a traveler who came across three bricklayers on a scaffold. The traveler asked the first one, "What are you doing?" The first responded, "I'm earning a wage." The traveler then asked the second one, "What are you doing?" The second responded, "I'm building a wall." They are doing the same work, but which of the two is laying the better brick? The traveler then asked the third one, "What are you doing?" The third responded, "I am building a cathedral.† The lesson here is very clear- we can all benefit from understanding the bigger picture, even content teams. Good Questions To Ask Yourself: Where is this blog going? What is the larger goal? How are we achieving this plan? It's common knowledge that a team who communicates the big picture works better together. A yearly calendar should help this big-picture thinking develop within your team. All organizations start with WHY, but only the great ones keep their WHY clear year after year. Those who forget WHY they were founded show up to the race every day to outdo someone else instead of to outdo themselves. The pursuit, for those who lose sight of WHY they are running the race, is for the medal or to beat someone else. ― Simon Sinek, Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action You might be surprised at how much big picture thinking comes out as you and your team develop your yearly editorial calendar, especially if you make it a regular part of your content planning meetings. Recommended Reading: 10 Easy Blog Post Ideas To Fill Up Your Editorial Calendar How To Kill Your Editorial Calendar And Watch Your Blog Die How To Quadruple Your Traffic With A Social Media Editorial Calendar Lesson #4: Let The Details Come Together Later The enemy of the blogger is the blank WYSIWYG editor. #blogging #contentmarketingWhen you sit down to write a blog post what usually happens? You start thinking about the individual details of that post. What will this post be about? What should I use as a headline? What will my outline be? These are important questions, but how do they play into our overall content strategy? Jumping into the details too quickly will prevent you from considering the bigger picture. Follow these steps for too long and you’ll end up without a bigger picture at all. Yearly content planning forces us to make those "big picture† decisions early when they are simple and easy to do. It’s about starting at the high level and working our way down. Choosing a monthly theme (or two) is not difficult. When it comes to planning out your posts for the month, the broad theme should make individual topic selection easier than ever before. Now, you at least have a framework for making those decisions. All you have to worry about are the details when writing the post. Put the big decisions first and that will always make the detailed decisions come easier in the end. Lesson #5: Painting With Broad Strokes Helps Your Audience Making your life easier is one thing, but how will a yearly editorial calendar impact your audience? If all goes well, planning for a year should boost your audience and grow your blog. With a yearly schedule, your audience will become more likely to connect with your content. There are a few simple reasons why this is so. 1. Relevant And Timely Content As you connect your content to the larger trends like the Forbes editorial calendar does, you will help your content become more relevant with what is going on at the time. A good example of this is a simple holiday post that I wrote for Thanksgiving a few years ago. Because we planned ahead  and pushed for an emphasis on Thanksgiving, I was able to have a detailed post ready to go when Thanksgiving came around. My post was featured on the homepage of a prominent social media blog exclusively because I was taking advantage of a current trend. Sure, the post only lasted a day or two, but it drove big traffic in the mean time. Yearly planning made the difference on that post. 2. Delve Deeper Into Topics Yearly planning should also allow you to think deeply about the themes and topic categories that matter most to your audience in a new way. This can even be used to reach out to different segments of your audience in a strategic method. For example, on this blog we occasionally rotate between writing posts for â€Å"bloggers† and writing them for â€Å"content marketers† and "editors". While they all have similarities, they really are distinct groups with unique challenges and topics to cover. By focusing on a single topic theme, we're able to reach a specific audience more directly, and build their trust in our content faster than ever before. Recommended Reading: How To Set Deadlines And Processes To Make You (And Your Team) More Efficient This Is What Happens When You Ask 12 Blog Editors About Increasing Productivity How To Actually Plan Your Blog And Save A Lot Of Time Starting Your Yearly Editorial Calendar I know what you’re thinking: This yearly editorial calendar thing won’t be so bad. Here at , we have a set of free paper editorial calendar templates that can help you start the habit of using an editorial calendar to plan your content marketing. This includes a handy template for planning out your yearly calendar. You can download them here. Of course, itself is an excellent way to set up your monthly calendar and comes with a 14-day free trial. Just saying! :) Subject To Change I’ve warned you before about the hazards that come when you plan too far ahead. This hasn’t changed, and it shouldn’t. Even the Forbes editorial calendar makes room for changes when needed. A plan doesn’t mean you can’t change your mind every once and awhile. In fact, it is probably dangerous not to. The key is to use the yearly calendar for what it does best- getting you through the big-picture strategic thinking. As you work the plan month by month, make adjustments and respond to changes in your plan. Nothing can substitute keeping your finger on the pulse of your own strategy. Plan ahead, but never let things go into autopilot.

The Victims Of Domestic Violence Feelings Essay

The Victims Of Domestic Violence Feelings - Essay Example The feminist cultures progressively and constantly defend the women against critical issues including domestic violence. The belief that women can cause violent activities is relegated and quashed because it is believed that they are the victims. The defense of the women of the society makes it difficult to speak about men being victims of domestic violence. The portrays women as non-perpetrators of family violence. Most resources are often directed to the perceived victims who are the women. The narrative of men being victims is never discussed, and neither are resources allocated to create awareness concerning the challenges facing men in various partnerships.   The inconsistencies that are manifest in dealing with domestic violence makes it difficult to voice the violent propensities that males experience. The recognition of a problem commences if the society acknowledges a crisis and works towards resolving it appropriately. Violence against men in heterosexual or same-sex rela tionships is prevalent in several jurisdictions yet the stakeholders are not keen to improve on the situation. Men find it difficult to share their issues because they believe the society does not recognize domestic violence against them and minimizes its proliferation. The degree or measure of violence in a relationship cannot be underestimated or tolerated because of gender socialization.   It is difficult to talk about males as victims of domestic violence because of stigmatization.  

Elements of Security System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elements of Security System - Coursework Example In the case of installing a wireless network, updating security strategy should be done in order consider both benefits and associated security risks. Wireless networks would be of benefit due to the associated flexibility, but the network could be exposed to many security risks including those similar to wired networks. Additional risks thus call for security strategy upgrading. Management support is however important in this case (Kairab, pg.50). The radio transmission of data makes the wireless network open to intruders, who can exploit it, destroy it, steal data, or even deny access to authorized users. The strategy upgrade should include the use of risk management processes for assess possible risks, taking necessary steps to reduce the risks, and maintaining an acceptable level of security risks. The strategy should consider the economic side of the installation and in the management of the projected risks. Security strategy upgrade is also important during major company reorga nization. Major company reorganization occurs with both economic pressure and security risks. Major reorganizations include mergers, joint venture, and downsizing among others. Companies have to reveal some of their critical secretes and information, which could pose danger to a firm’s operations or success.

Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal Essay -- essays research papers

Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal "Men and women full of age, without any limitation due to race, nationality, or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family."( Article 16-1). Most people would interpret this article as only a man and a woman have the right to be married. But many people need to reconsider the article as in each man and woman are independent, and should be able to marry whomever he or she desires. The majority of people are straight and in heterosexual relationships, but should not mean that the minority of people are any less human because they live their life in a homosexual relationship. Would you chose to live your life as a homosexual knowing all the struggles you would have to face? Everyone has the choice of who they fall in love with, but nobody can decide that they will fall in love with a specific gender. Most people think the natural way of things is that men are attracted to women and taht women are attracted to men. People who are homosexual are naturally born to be attracted to the same sex. As well as people who are born straight are naturally born to be attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many people do not agree with homosexual marriage because they argue it is not the natural way of things. Reason is because homosexuals connot produce children, where a man and a woman have that capability. People tho who are in homosexual relationships could always adopt. But many people say that that would be an injustice to the child. ... Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal Essay -- essays research papers Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal "Men and women full of age, without any limitation due to race, nationality, or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family."( Article 16-1). Most people would interpret this article as only a man and a woman have the right to be married. But many people need to reconsider the article as in each man and woman are independent, and should be able to marry whomever he or she desires. The majority of people are straight and in heterosexual relationships, but should not mean that the minority of people are any less human because they live their life in a homosexual relationship. Would you chose to live your life as a homosexual knowing all the struggles you would have to face? Everyone has the choice of who they fall in love with, but nobody can decide that they will fall in love with a specific gender. Most people think the natural way of things is that men are attracted to women and taht women are attracted to men. People who are homosexual are naturally born to be attracted to the same sex. As well as people who are born straight are naturally born to be attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many people do not agree with homosexual marriage because they argue it is not the natural way of things. Reason is because homosexuals connot produce children, where a man and a woman have that capability. People tho who are in homosexual relationships could always adopt. But many people say that that would be an injustice to the child. ...

Cruise Control

Dept. of Electronics & Communication RVCE, Bangalore Cruise Control System |Cruise control is a new technological development which incorporates a factor of comfort in driving. Safety is only a small benefit of this | |system. In short, cruise control can be said to be a system which uses the principles of radar to determine the distances between two | |consecutive moving vehicles in which either one or both of them is incorporated with this system. | Lalitha Chinmayee H M 1RV11EC052 Namratha H Mahesh 1RV11EC062 IntroductionEvery minute, on average, at least one person dies in a crash. Air bags and seat belts save tens of thousands of people a year. But the ultimate solution and the only thing that will save far more lives, limbs and money is cruise control system. Cruise control was commercially introduced in 1958 as an option on the Chrysler Imperial. Cruise control is an invaluable feature on American cars. Without cruise control, long road trips would be more tiring, for the driv er at least, and those of us suffering from lead-foot syndrome would probably get a lot more speeding tickets.Cruise control is far more common on American cars than European cars, because the roads in America are generally bigger and straighter, and destinations are farther apart. With traffic continually increasing, basic cruise control is becoming less useful, but instead of becoming obsolete, cruise control systems are adapting to this new reality — soon, cars will be equipped with adaptive cruise control, which will allow your  ­car to follow the car in front of it while continually adjusting speed to maintain a safe distance. What is Cruise Control System?Cruise control is a system, which automatically controls the speed of an automobile. Most cruise control systems don’t allow the use of cruise control below a certain speed. The purpose of the cruise control system is to maintain a constant vehicle speed despite external disturbances, such as changes in wind o r road grade. This is accomplished by measuring the vehicle speed, comparing it to the desired or reference speed, and automatically adjusting the throttle according to a control law. The cruise control system actually has a lot of functions other than controlling the speed of your car.It can accelerate or decelerate with the tap of a button. There are also several important safety features — the cruise control will disengage as soon as you hit the brake pedal, and it won't engage at speeds less than a particular value (usually around 25-30 mph). We all know that the things that control the speed of the car are the gas pedal and the brakes. And the brain that normally controls the speed of the car is the brain of the driver. The driver senses the speed by looking at the speedometer and then adjusting the pressure on the gas pedal or the brakes to compensate for variations in the desired speed.The cruise control system does the same thing with one exception. It only controls t he gas pedal – it doesn't even know there are brakes in the car!! A Blind inventor and mechanical engineer called Ralph Teetor, invented cruise control in 1943. [pic] Modelling To understand the working of a cruise control system, we consider here a simple model of the vehicle dynamics, shown in the free-body diagram (FBD) below. The vehicle, of mass m, is acted on by a control force, u. The force u represents the force generated at the road/tire interface.For this simplified model we will assume that we can control this force directly and will neglect the dynamics of the powertrain, tires, etc. , that go into generating the force. The resistive forces, bv, due to rolling resistance and wind drag, are assumed to vary linearly with the vehicle velocity, v, and act in the direction opposite the vehicle's motion. [pic] Figure 1 Summing forces in the x-direction and applying Newton's 2nd law, we arrive at the following system equation: (1)[pic] —(1) Since we are interested in controlling the speed of the vehicle, the output equation is chosen as follows 2)[pic] —(2) Taking Laplace’s transform for equation (1), we get m sV(s) + b. V(s)=U(s) —(3) We find the transfer function of the cruise control system to be: [pic] [pic] Figure 2 – Block Diagram Controlling the Cruise Control The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer that is normally found under the hood or behind the dashboard. It connects to the throttle control as well as several sensors. The diagram below shows the inputs and outputs of a typical cruise control system. [pic] Figure 3 – Cruise Control Working Block DiagramA good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation no matter how much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of  control system theory. Since the cruise cont rol system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the throttle position, it needs sensors to tell it the speed and throttle position. It also needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage.The most important input is the speed signal; the cruise control system does a lot with this signal. The most basic control system is a  proportional control. In a proportional control system, the cruise control adjusts the throttle proportional to the error, the error being the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed. So, if the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is going 50 mph, the throttle position will be open quite far. When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position opening will be only half of what it was before.The result is that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill, the car might not accelerate at all. Most cruise control systems use a control scheme called  proportional-integral-derivative control (PID  control). The integral of speed is distance. The derivative of speed is acceleration. A PID control system uses these three factors — proportional, integral and derivative, calculating each individually and adding them to get the throttle position. We've already discussed the proportional factor.The  integral  factor is based on the  time integral of the vehicle speed error. Translation: the difference between the distance your car actually travelled and the distance it would have travelled if it were going at the desired speed, calculated over a set period of time. This factor helps the car deal with hills, and also helps it settle into the correct speed and stay there. Let's say your car starts to go up a hill and slows down. The proportional control increases the throttle a little, but you may still slow down.After a little while, the integral control will start to increase the throttle, opening it more and more, because the longer the car maintains a speed slower than the desired speed, the larger the distance error gets. Now let's add in the final factor, the  derivative. The derivative of speed is acceleration. This factor helps the cruise control respond quickly to changes, such as hills. If the car starts to slow down, the cruise control can see this acceleration (slowing down and speeding up are both acceleration) before the speed can actually change much, and respond by increasing the throttle position. pic] Figure 4 – Block Control of Cruise Control Model Setting of Cruise Control [pic] [pic] Figure 5 & 6– Setting of Cruise Control using buttons The system pictured above has five buttons: On, Off, Set/Accel, Resume and Coast. It also has a sixth control – the brake pedal, and if the car has a manual transmission the clutch pedal is also hooked up to the cruise control. †¢ The on and off buttons don't actually do much. Hitting the on button does not do anything except tell the car that you might be hitting another button soon.The off button turns the cruise control off even if it is engaged. Some cruise controls don't have these buttons; instead, they turn off when the driver hits the brakes, and turn on when the driver hits the set button. †¢ The set/accel button tells the car to maintain the speed you are currently driving. If you hit the set button at 45 mph, the car will maintain your speed at 45 mph. Holding down the set/accel button will make the car accelerate; and on this car, tapping it once will make the car go 1 mph faster. If you recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting the brake pedal, hitting the resume button will command the car to accelerate back to the most recent speed setting. †¢ Holding down the coast button will cause the car to decelerate, just as if you took your foot completely off the gas. On this car, tapping the coast button once will cause the car to slow down b y 1 mph. †¢ The brake pedal and clutch pedal each have a switch that disengages the cruise control as soon as the pedal is pressed, so you can shut off the cruise control with a light tap on the brake or clutch.Adaptive Cruise Control System A more advanced cruise control is being developed that can automatically adjust a car's speed to maintain a safe following distance. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature that allows a vehicle's cruise control system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the traffic environment. This new technology, called adaptive cruise control, uses forward-looking radar (or lidar – light detecting and ranging. But lidar based ACC’s are limited due to poor working in bad weather), installed behind the grill of a ehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it. [pic] Figure 7 – Adaptive Cruise Control System Adaptive cruise control is similar to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicl e's pre-set speed. However, unlike conventional cruise control, this new system can automatically adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller.If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed. The 77-GHz Autocruise radar system made by TRW has a forward-looking range of up to 492 feet (150 meters), and operates at vehicle speeds ranging from 18. 6 miles per hour (30 kph) to 111 mph (180 kph). Delphi's 76-GHz system can also detect objects as far away as 492 feet, and operates at speeds as low as 20 mph (32 kph).These systems are being enhanced to include collision warning capabilities that will warn drivers through visual and/or audio signals that a collision i s imminent and that braking or evasive steering is needed. In May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an ACC system on a production vehicle,luxury sedan. Main Parts & Working of ACC’s The main components of a typical radar-based ACC system are: 1. Fusion sensor 2. Headway control unit 3. Throttle 4. Brake 5. Dashboard display Fusion sensor: It is a combination of sensors and processors.They are 1. Millimetre-wave radar 2. Stereo camera 3. Image processor 4. Fusion processor [pic] Figure 8 – Architecture of Radar Based ACC System Millimetre wave radar: It is a sensor which uses millimetre wave for detecting the position and velocity of a distant object. Range is calculated using the formula C = 2*R/T Where, ‘C’ is the velocity of light, ‘R’ is the range, ‘T’ is the time of flight of transmission. [pic] Figure 9 – Millimetre Radar Unit Stereo camera: The camera’s function is detection of cars and other objects i n the roadway.Image processor: It processes the images from the stereo camera and the data fed into the fusion processor. Fusion processor:  The function of fusion processor is Data Fusion. Headway control unit: It has control on the brakes and throttle and uses dashboard for immediate warnings. Canceling Cruise Control Operation: †¢ Brake pedal is pressed †¢ ‘Off' button is pressed †¢ Vehicle Speed < 25 mph †¢ An ACC system fault is detected [pic] Figure 10 – A car model with advanced cruise control system First, the vehicle speed sensor might fail. Normally the speedometer also fails so that's pretty easy to diagnose.Next, the power to the brain can be interrupted (Here brain is referred to the cruise control system as it works similar to brain). A blown fuse or a corroded connector can prevent the brain from working correctly or at all. Next, the brains can lose its ability to function. A faulty component can prevent the brain from doing its thi ng. The brain is a pretty sophisticated box that contains a lot of electronic components including a microprocessor. Normally when the brains fail you need to replace the box. The vacuum diaphragm can develop a leak.If that happens then the cruise control might set and hold the speed for some time however if the leak is larger than the supply line and modulator can add vacuum to the system the system will slowly lose control and the vehicle will slow down. This can also happen if the vacuum line to the diaphragm is cracked or loose. Finally, the linkage that connects the diaphragm to the accelerator linkage can fail. Some aftermarket cruise control systems use a short length of what looks like fat key chain – bead chain. I have seen several units fail when the chain simply breaks. ConclusionBut one drawback is that cruise control systems are dangerous in wet roads and slippery roads as they may cause some serious problems. Fully autonomous car is probably not viable in the fo reseen future. Nearby vehicles would be in constant communication with each other and act co-operatively. It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes are now. References 1. www. howstuffworks. com 2. www. cars. com/features/adaptivecruisecontrol 3. www. autorepair. about. com 4. ctms. engin. umich. edu/CTMS/index. php? example=CruiseControl=SystemModeling

The Effectiveness Of The Hpv Vaccine - 1555 Words

The effectiveness of immunizations has been studies for years. Edward Jenner, the producer of the first vaccination, reduced the frequency of diseases through immunization (Mhaske 209). HPV and MMR vaccines elongate lives by immunizing them from harmful infections. Studies are being conducted to test the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. The first HPV vaccine came out in June of 2006, but it was not released until 2007 (Vetter, Geller 1258) (Fonteneau 2). HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus; it is a sexually transmitted disease that leads to cervical cancer and genital warts in women, and genital warts, penile cancer, and anal cancer in men (Vamos, McDermott, and Daley 302). There are four strands of HPV, with HPV 16 and HPV 18 being the†¦show more content†¦The main difference between two and three doses is its longevity of protection against the disease (Aljunid 1). Each year the HPV vaccine is becoming better known, and by the beginning of 2012, the HPV vaccination had spread to forty countries (Aljunid 2). These vaccinations are prophylactic, meaning that they are given to patients before having been diagnosed. In other words, instead of attempting to cure HPV, vaccinations are used to prevent the unhealthy cells in the body before they cause a problem (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). While HPV is a disease more common among young adults, MMR effects more infants. MMR stands for measles, mumps, and rubella (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). The symptoms of MMR include a fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and a rash spreading down the body (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). MMR is most commonly contracted through contact with mucus (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). It is a highly contagious disease among infants. Severe cases of MMR cause pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and possibly death (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). The MMR vaccine is given in two doses (â€Å"Measles-QA about Disease and Vaccine†). The first dose is given to an infant of 12-15 months (â€Å"Measles-QA about